With the long-awaited warmth of summer arriving soon comes the desire to spend our days outside, whether swimming, boating or camping. Although we’re far more unplugged outdoors, many electrical hazards still accompany these leisurely summer activities—and they often lurk beneath the surface.
Water safety is more than just boating speeds and life jackets. Electric shock drowning, dubbed the “silent killer,” occurs when faulty wiring sends electric current into a body of water. The current then passes through the body and causes paralysis, which can ultimately result in drowning.
This current isn’t nearly as visible as a bolt of lightning. According to Electrical Safety Foundation International, as little as 10 milliamps of current—1/50 the amount used by a 60-watt lightbulb—can cause paralysis and drowning. Even the best swimmers will feel their bodies freeze as they lose muscular control.
Often misclassified as drowning, ESD injures and kills people every year, whether it happens around a dock, or in a pool or hot tub. Unfortunately, there is no ESD statistics database, and—partly due to inaccuracies in reporting—many people are still unaware of the threat.
“Most people are unaware because there is no visible warning to electrified water,” says ESFI President Brett Brenner. “Without that visual, they are unaware of the dangers of electrified water.”
Boating and Marina
Just like your home, having your boat inspected regularly by a licensed electrician is critical. Familiarize yourself with the electrical system so you can identify and correct any potential hazards.
ESFI encourages boat owners to routinely inspect boats and stay up to date on maintenance.
Ground fault and equipment leakage circuit interrupters—both safety devices required at marinas—should be tested monthly. A leakage test determines if electrical current is escaping the vessel.
In an emergency, an informed owner who knows where the main breakers are on the boat and the shore power source can respond quickly and effectively.
Alongside the safety of your boat’s electrical system, make sure all boat operators and swimmers understand the hazards so everyone works to keep them at bay. Never allow swimming near the boat, marina or launching ramp. Residual current could flow into the water from the boat or the marina’s wiring, potentially putting anyone in the water at risk of ESD.
Marina owners should do their part, too.
“Plan annual safety events at your marina where owners can learn about boat and dock electrical safety and have their boats inspected by licensed electricians,” Brett says.
Home Recreation
Pools and hot tubs can be just as dangerous.
In 2020, a 15-year-old boy was electrocuted after touching exposed wire in a Texas hotel pool that had failed multiple inspections, according to news reports from the Harris County area.
Faulty pool lights, old wiring or even electrical equipment—such as pool heaters, vacuums, pumps or extension cords—can cause electricity to flood a pool or hot tub, resulting in serious injuries or fatalities.
Electric shock drowning at home often results from failing to install the correct protective devices. All underwater lighting circuits and lighting around pools, hot tubs and spas should have GCFI protection, as should all electrical outlets within 20 feet of a pool.
Safe Electricity recommends pools and decks be built at least 5 feet from all underground electric lines and at least 25 feet from overhead electric lines. To locate underground electric lines, call 811 before you dig.
Follow these tips from Safe Electricity to keep your family and friends safe:
- Do not put electric appliances within 10 feet of a swimming pool. When practical, use battery-operated appliances near swimming pools.
- When you leave the pool, don’t touch any electrical appliances until you are dry. Never touch any electrical appliances when you are wet or standing in water.
Camping
Water safety outdoors isn’t just about bodies of water—natural or artificial. Campers should also be cautious of rain when packing electric camping materials or traveling in RVs that hook up to power poles.
Always err on the safe side, whether you’re experiencing a light rain or a torrential downpour. Before connecting to or disconnecting an RV from a power pole, switch off the breaker. When you’re hooked up, make sure to use a dry, nonconductive item to turn the breaker back on. Doing so can also protect circuits within your camper.
If you’re unsure, ask a fellow traveler. If you’re parked in an RV park, there could be another camper willing to help.
The 2017 National Electrical Code requires marinas and boat docks to post electric shock warning signs where electricity is used near water; many campgrounds also have warning signs.
“While you cannot prevent individuals from acting on their own accord, posting signs prohibiting swimming, as required by the 2017 NEC, is an easy way to help prevent ESD,” Brett says.
However, the responsibility does not solely fall on these signs, Brett says. Swimmers, boat operators and marina owners should all be aware of electric shock hazards and how to prevent them.
“Unknowingly, many swimmers and boat and marina operators place themselves in the face of danger,” he says. “This innocent act of fun can turn tragic. Raising awareness among swimmers and marina and boat operators can help prevent ESD or other electrical injuries while out on the water.”